Apr
8
NEW SERIES: Wiretapping and Divorce Law - Part II
Filed Under Attorney-Client Relationship, Divorce & Separation, Family Law Basics
The Internet has revolutionized the way people communicate and share information and ideas. Today, electronic mail (e-mail) is perhaps the most commonly used method of cyber-communication. From offices to homes to libraries and corner cafes, use of cyber-communication and the Internet is a part of everyday life. In the world of matrimonial law, e-mail communications and chat room forums has sparked a growing phenomena known as “cyber-infidelity.” More and more spouses suspecting infidelity in a relationship are accessing home computers and retrieving its electronic files for evidence to validate their suspicions. E-mail communications have become a prime target and for good reason. Not only can a spouse access messages received and sent, but even deleted messages can be retrieved with the proper software or by a computer expert. This invariably raises questions about the legality of retrieving e-mail messages and the consequences of such actions.
Generally, intercepting e-mail communications from a spouse’s workplace computer or private home office will violate several New Jersey civil and criminal laws. The reason for this is because one has a reasonable expectation of privacy in these areas. However, the right to retrieve e-mail communications from an accessible home computer depends on whether the communication is in the transmission stage or in post-transmission storage.
This very issue was addressed by the Superior Court in White v. White, 344 N.J. Super. 211 (2001). In this divorce case, a husband had moved to suppress saved e-mail communications between him and his girlfriend retrieved from the home computer by his wife’s computer expert. The computer was kept in a common area where different family members used it. The wife used the husband’s password to access messages stored in his personal file cabinet. In denying the husband’s motion, the court held that there was no reasonable expectation of privacy in the computer files given the location of the computer and that the wife did not unlawfully access any stored information. The court reasoned that New Jersey’s Wiretap Act only applies to communications that are in transmission and not those that have been previously sent and saved.
The court distinguished between e-mails in transmission and those stored post-transmission. E-mails in post-transmission storage fall outside the purview of the New Jersey’s Wiretap Act because once e-mail messages are downloaded from the e-mail server they are not stored for the purpose of electronic transmissions.
Despite the court’s ruling in White, this area of law remains unsettled and requires careful analysis and legal counsel. The legal ramifications of illegally accessing a spouse’s stored computer files can be devastating.
Posted by Jason Medina,
Medina, Martinez & Castroll, LLC
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